Graduate of Washington Square Institute for Psychotherapy and Mental Health, in 1978 in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy.
Trained in Traditional Hypnosis with the New York and Canadian Societies of Clinical Hypnosis from 1986 to 1989
Trained in Ericksonian hypnosis (100 hours) with the New York Society of Ericksonian Psychotherapy and Hypnosis (NYSEPH). Graduated in 1991.
Level I (1995) & Level II (2000) Training in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) with the EMDR Institute, Inc.